References >>

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic chronic inflammatory disease thought to be caused by an autoimmune reaction. Dysfunction of the immune system injures cells and tissues, causing inflammation in various parts of the body including the skin and joints. The wide range of SLE symptoms include epilation, cerebrovascular disorders, pneumonia, myocarditis, polyarthritis, renal injury, and peripheral neuropathy. The possible etiology of the disease is related to the anti-double-strand DNA antibody and immune complex. IA or DFPP to remove these factors is an established treatment for SLE.

References >>

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with vasculitis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with vasculitis is an intractable or severe form of RA accompanied by manifestations outside the joints, such as vasculitis. RA with vasculitis exhibits symptoms in the lungs, kidneys, heart, nerves, and eyes as well as the joints, in addition to severe arthritic symptoms including joint swelling and pain. The etiology is unknown. Clinical laboratory test results show immunologic abnormalities such as strongly positive rheumatoid factor (RF), high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) indicating an inflammatory response, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and increased leukocyte count. Treatments for RA with vasculitis are medication, physical therapy, surgery, and plasmapheresis. Plasmapheresis removes RF and the RF-reactive factors (immune complexes) to improve symptoms.

References >>