Plasmapheresis is a form of therapy to separate plasma from blood, remove pathogenic substances from plasma, and either replace it with substitution fluid or purify it. Plasmapheresis is indicated in severe hepatic disease, collagen disease, autoimmune disease, etc.

Centrifugation and membrane separation techniques are used for plasma separation. There are four main types of membrane plasmapheresis: plasma exchange (PE), double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP), plasma adsorption (PA), and immunoadsorption (IA).
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In PE, plasma separated with a plasma separator is discarded and replaced with the same volume of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or albumin solution.
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In DFPP, plasma separated with a plasma separator passes through the plasma component separator with a small pore size. Large molecular-weight proteins are discarded and small molecular-weight substances including valuable albumin is returned to the patient. Small amount of substitution fluid such as albumin may be added.
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In PA, plasma separated with a plasma separator flows into a plasma adsorption column. Pathogenic substances are adsorbed and removed due to affinity between ligands and pathogenic substances. The advantage of this method is that no substitution fluid is required.
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IA is a subcategory of PA because it follows the same method. It is referred to as IA when the adsorption column selectively adsorbs immune complexes and auto-antibodies.
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