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Since diabetes has no subjective symptoms, clinical testing is essential for detection and treatment of the disease.
Various clinical tests are employed in the treatment of diabetes. The following tests are representative examples. |
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| For measuring glucose |
Urine glucose (first morning urine, postprandial
urine, 24-hour urine, and casual urine)
Blood glucose (fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and casual
blood glucose) |
| For diagnosing diabetes |
75-g Oral glucose tolerance test (blood
glucose and insulin)
(Insulin secretion status can also be determined) |
| For assessing glycemic control |
Glycated hemoglobin (status for the previous
2 months)
Glycated albumin (status for the previous 3 weeks) |
| Other biochemical tests |
Cholesterol
Triglycerides
Lipoproteins
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Creatinine
Urea acid (UA) |
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Because glycated albumin rapidly and markedly reflects changes in mean blood glucose,
the measurement of glycated albumin is well suited for assessing treatment regimens as well as evaluating treatment efficacy.
When an effective treatment regimen has been applied, improvement in the glycated
albumin value can generally be observed in about one week. |
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| Clinical Tests for Confirming the Efficacy of Diabetes Treatment |
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| Blood Glucose Test |
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Directly measures blood glucose at a single point in time |
The blood glucose test measures the amount of blood glucose at
the time the blood sample is drawn. Blood glucose fluctuates depending on food intake, level of physical activity, and physical condition. |
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| Glycated Albumin (GA) Test |
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Provides an index by which
treatment efficacy can be evaluated and treatment regimens assessed |
| The GA test measures mean glycemic control over the previous three weeks. |
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| Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Test |
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Assesses average glycemia over an extended time period |
| The HbA1c test measures mean glycemic control over the previous two months. Short-or medium-term changes in average blood glucose cannot be suitably assessed with the HbA1c test. |
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The initial glycated albumin target should be a GA value of less than 20%.
The standard range for glycated albumin is 11% to 16%. |
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| Patients should aim for a glycated albumin value of less than 20%. |
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| (Unit: %) |
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