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When glucose levels are normal (normoglycemia), blood glucose and MI are almost completely reabsorbed back into the blood. However, when glucose levels are elevated (hyperglycemia), reabsorption of MI in the renal tubules is inhibited by glucose, so MI is excreted in the urine. With further hyperglycemia, glucose also cannot be completely reabsorbed by the kidney, and so is excreted in the urine (urinary glucose). |
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The change in urinary MI (UMI) from before to after glucose load (ΔUMI) is used as an index. |
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UMI, unlike urinary glucose, is very stable for 3 days at room temperature and 2 weeks under refrigeration. |
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| * Creatinine should be measured using the enzyme method. |
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| After glucose loading, ΔUMI correlates well with glucose levels. In addition, ΔUMI after glucose loading offers a good indicator of hyperglycemic state that may be undetected by FPG. |
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* Within the NGT group, those with a 1-h plasma glucose  180mg/dL are difined as ‘pre-borderline type’. |
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| Δ UMI reflect the degree of glucose tolerance and increases in proportion to the degree of glucose intolerance. The best reference standard is <10mg/gCr. |
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| Compared with other simultaneously measured glycemic control markers, the detection rate of ΔUMI is superior for detecting not only diabetes mellitus (DM), but also impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and pre-borderline-type individuals who show hyperglycemia after glucose loading. |
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| group |
n |
Detection rate |
| ΔUMI |
HbA1c |
GA |
1,5AG |
2hUG* |
| 10mg/gCr |
5.8% |
16.3% |
<14μg/dL |
100mg/dL |
| DM |
59 |
90% |
66% |
59% |
64% |
80% |
| IGT |
61 |
67% |
21% |
41% |
28% |
44% |
| IFG |
22 |
55% |
14% |
18% |
18% |
36% |
| Pre-borderline type |
41 |
61% |
0% |
34% |
24% |
29% |
| NGT |
179 |
11% |
1% |
17% |
7% |
6% |
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